10.2 ), which again, references the position of the metatarsals in relation to the body. This can be even more confusing when considering terms such as metatarsus adductus ( Fig. 10.1 ) uses the midsagittal axis of the body, whereas abduction of the hallux is deviation of the great toe away from the foot and actually toward the body. As opposed to the hand, which uses the third ray, the longitudinal axis of the foot is described as a line from the center of the heel through the second metatarsal shaft. However, abduction and adduction reference the longitudinal axis of the foot. Varus and valgus use the midsagittal plane of the body as a reference point. There is a lack of consistency complicated by the fact that we use terms to describe relationships to both the body and the foot itself. Complex multiplanar joint movements and joint-to-joint interactions generate the motions we simplify in our clinical exam. Before discussing the specifics of examination, it is necessary to have a fundamental understanding of anatomic terminology to effectively communicate the general alignment and movement of the foot.
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May 2023
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